The Philippines joined over 60 other countries at the United Nations in signing the first-ever treaty on protecting the international high seas, raising hopes that it will come into force soon and protect threatened ecosystems vital to the planet.
The treaty, officially known as the treaty on “Biodiversity Beyond
National Jurisdiction,” or BBNJ, also introduces requirements to carry out environmental impact studies for proposed activities on the high seas.
Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo, in a post on X (formerly Twitter) from New York where he was attending the UN General Assembly, said he was “honored” to sign the historic agreement.
“The Philippines is proud to take this step to protect the world’s oceans for present & future generations,” the country’s top diplomat said in his post.
Sixty-seven countries signed the treaty on the first day, including the United States, China, Australia, Britain, France, Germany and Mexico as well as the European Union as a whole, according to the UN.
But each country must still ratify the treaty under its own domestic process. The treaty will come into force 120 days after 60 countries ratify it.
“It is clear that the ocean is in urgent need of protection,” said Belgium’s deputy prime minister, Vincent van Quickenborne.
Without action, “it’s game over,” he said.
After 15 years of discussion, the United Nations sealed the first treaty on the high seas in June by consensus, although Russia said it had reservations.
The start of signatures marks “a new chapter” of “establishing meaningful protections” for the oceans, said Nichola Clark of the Ocean Governance Project at The Pew Charitable Trusts.
The high seas are defined as the ocean area starting beyond countries’ exclusive economic zones, or 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) off coastlines—covering nearly half the planet.
Nonetheless, they have long been ignored in discussions on the environment.
A key tool in the treaty will be the ability to create protected marine areas in international waters – only around one percent of which are now protected by any sort of conservation measures.
The treaty is seen as crucial to an agreement to protect 30 percent of the world’s oceans and lands by 2030, as agreed by governments in a separate historic accord on biodiversity reached in Montreal in December.
Mads Christensen, interim executive director of Greenpeace International, voiced hope that the treaty would come into force in 2025, when the next UN oceans conference takes place in France.
“We have less than seven years to protect 30 percent of the oceans. There is no time to waste,” he said.
“The race to ratification has begun and we urge countries to be ambitious, ratify the treaty and make sure it enters into force in 2025.”
But even if the treaty draws the 60 ratifications needed to come intoforce, it would still be well below the universal support for action sought by environmental defenders.
Oceans are critical for the health of the whole planet, protecting often-microscopic biodiversity that supports half of the oxygen breathed by land life. The oceans are also critical to limiting climate change by helping absorb greenhouse gas emissions. With AFP
