Poland's conservative populist-dominated parliament has passed a law restricting public meetings which was slammed by the opposition as being anti-democratic, media reports said.
The legislation, passed late on Tuesday, introduces the concept of "periodic meetings" for rallies organised repeatedly in the same place and on the same date, giving such gatherings priority over other meetings.
Under the new law, unrelated meetings must take place at least 100 meters (yards) away from any meeting designated "periodic."
The ruling right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) party said the law would boost the security of participants at all gatherings by preventing clashes.
But opposition lawmakers said the rules prevented "street dialogue" and restricted freedom of speech.
They claim the law will allow PiS to organise a monthly meeting, protected from counter-protests, to commemorate the 2010 Smolensk plane crash.
Ninety-six people died, including President Lech Kaczynski, the twin brother of PiS head Jaroslaw Kaczynski.
Last Saturday, the 80th such ceremony outside the presidential palace in Warsaw was slightly disturbed by an opposition rally.
The bill that was ultimately adopted did, however, shed provisions that would have given priority to rallies organised by the state and religious organisations.
Opposition politicians and rights activists claimed that the original proposals restricted fundamental rights and freedoms.
European lawmakers joined Polish opposition politicians in criticising the law.
"Yesterday was a sad day for Poland because now there is a new law governing protests which limits the right of assembly," Polish MEP Janusz Lewandowski said in Strasbourg.
"Like all other EU citizens, Poles have the right to an independent judiciary. Polish women have freedom of choice and Poles have the right to freedom of assembly, expression and thought," Dutch MEP Sophia in't Veld said.
Tens of thousands of Poles took to the streets across the country to protest the PiS government on Tuesday, the 35th anniversary of the martial law crackdown in communist-ruled Poland.
