The Department of Energy has issued a framework to categorize energy resources and technologies to maintain a reliable power system while accelerating its transition to cleaner energy.
Under Department Circular No. 2026-02-0005, Energy Secretary Sharon Garin signed a policy to ensure the balanced dispatch of different technologies. The department will provide guidance on resources based on baseload, mid-merit and peaking requirements determined by actual load profiles and duration curves.
Garin said reliability is non-negotiable even as the country accelerates its energy transition. She noted the policy provides a systematic approach for matching technologies to system needs so that electricity remains secure and affordable while increasing renewable energy integration and reducing dependence on imported fuels.
The circular says that this categorization will allow generation companies to operate efficiently and ensure that generating units are adequately maintained. The policy recognizes that a reliable power system requires a deliberate mix of resources that can supply electricity continuously, adjust output as demand changes and respond rapidly during peak periods.
To achieve an optimal mix, the policy classifies system requirements into 3 specific load categories. Baseload refers to the continuous and minimum power required to run at a steady rate, including firm renewable energy and conventional technologies such as nuclear, coal co-firing and conventional coal.
Mid-merit refers to the variable portion of demand between baseload and peaking requirements occurring for a significant number of hours annually. This requires sources that can adjust output, such as hybrid renewable energy systems and flexible technologies including gas-fired power plants using natural gas, hydro and medium-to-long duration energy storage.
Peaking refers to the highest levels of demand occurring for short durations, requiring rapid response from fast-start technologies and short-duration energy storage.
The DOE said distribution utilities should consider these categories in their development and procurement plans to ensure decisions reflect system requirements as demand patterns evolve. The department also encouraged generation companies to align projects with these requirements during planning and technology selection.
